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O. A.  Johannsen, ?Order Diptera?, in List of the insects of New York with a list of the spiders and certain other allied groups, M. D.  Leonard, Ed. 1928, pp. 687-869.

C. H.  Curran, ?Family Phyllomyzidae?, in The families and genera of North American Diptera, C. H.  Curran, Ed. Woodhaven, N.Y.: Henry Tripp, 1934, pp. 334-338.

F. R.  Cole, ?Milichiidae?, in The flies of Western North America, F. R.  Cole and Schlinger, E., Eds. Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1969, pp. 387-390.