R.  Frey, Enumeratio insectorum fenniae, vol. VI.Diptera. Helsingfors: Helsingfors Entomologiska Bytesförening, 1941, p. 63 pp.

A. A.  Stackelberg, ?Acalyptrata, part 1?, List of Diptera of the Leningrad Region. III, pp. 103-191, 1958.

G. C.  Steyskal, ?Notes and descriptions of Egyptian acalyptrate Diptera (Ephydridae, Milichiidae, Otitidae)?, Bulletin. Société entomologique d'Égypte, vol. 109, pp. 109-125, 1966.

G. C.  Steyskal and El-Bialy, S., ?A list of Egyptian Diptera with a bibliography and key to families?, United Arab Republic, Ministry of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin, vol. 3, p. 87pp, 1967.

F. R.  Cole, ?Milichiidae?, in The flies of Western North America, F. R.  Cole and Schlinger, E., Eds. Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1969, pp. 387-390.

W.  Hackman, ?A check list of the Finnish Diptera. II. Cyclorrhapha?, Notulae entomologicae, vol. 60, pp. 117-162, 1980.