R.  Frey, Enumeratio insectorum fenniae, vol. VI.Diptera. Helsingfors: Helsingfors Entomologiska Bytesförening, 1941, p. 63 pp.

P. G.  Strobl, ?Beiträge zur Dipterenfauna des österreichischen Littorale?, Wiener entomologische Zeitung, vol. 12, pp. 121-136, 1893.

P. G.  Strobl, ?Die Dipteren von Steiermark. II. Nachtrag?, Mitteilungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins für Steiermark, vol. 46(1909), pp. 45-293, 1910.

J.  Sivinski, ?Mating by kleptoparasitic flies (Diptera: Chloropidae) on a spider host?, Florida Entomologist, vol. 68, pp. 216-222, 1985.

J.  Rohacek, ?Second supplement to the acalyptrate Diptera fauna (Pseudopomyzidae, Strongylophthalmyiidae, Chamaemyiidae, Chyromyidae, Anthomyzidae, Aulacigastridae, Periscelididae, Carnidae, Milichiidae) of Czechoslovakia?, Casopis Slezského musea v Opave, vol. 36, pp. 97-108, 1987.

L.  Papp, ?Fly communities in pasture dung: Some results and problems (Diptera)?, Acta zoologica Academiae scientiarum hungaricae, vol. 38, pp. 75-88, 1992.

J. W.  Zetterstedt, Diptera Scandinaviae disposita et descripta, vol. 14(I-III). Lundae: , 1860, pp. 6191-6609.